12  Selected references related to bTB

12.1 DIVA (Detect/distinguish Infected among Vaccinated Animals) papers

12.1.1 EFSA opinion on DIVA:

12.1.2 Other DIVA papers:

  • Jones GJ, Konold T, Hurley S, Holder T, Steinbach S, Coad M, Neil Wedlock D, Buddle BM, Singh M, Martin Vordermeier H. Test performance data demonstrates utility of a cattle DIVA skin test reagent (DST-F) compatible with BCG vaccination. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 14;12(1):12052. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16092-8 PMID: 35835806; PMCID: PMC9283413.

  • Subramanian S, Srinivasan S, Ramaiyan Selvaraju K, Vinoli PM, Selladurai S, Ramasamy B, Kumaragurubaran K, Bakker D, Vordermeier M, Kapur V, Gopal DR. Defined Antigen Skin Test for Bovine Tuberculosis Retains Specificity on Revaccination With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Front Vet Sci. 2022 Apr 13;9:814227. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.814227 PMID: 35498753; PMCID: PMC9043861.

  • Rydevik G, Innocent GT, McKendrick IJ. Evaluating Diagnostic Tests With Near-Perfect Specificity: Use of a Hui-Walter Approach When Designing a Trial of a DIVA Test for Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci. 2018 Aug 15;5:192. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00192 PMID: 30159319; PMCID: PMC6104181.

  • Fromsa A, Willgert K, Srinivasan S, Mekonnen G, Bedada W, Gumi B, Lakew M, Tadesse B, Bayissa B, Sirak A, Girma Abdela M, Gebre S, Chibssa T, Veerasami M, Vordermeier HM, Bakker D, Berg S, Ameni G, Juleff N, de Jong MCM, Wood J, Conlan A, Kapur V. BCG vaccination reduces bovine tuberculosis transmission, improving prospects for elimination. Science. 2024 Mar 29;383(6690):eadl3962. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl3962 Epub 2024 Mar 29. PMID: 38547287.

  • Srinivasan S, Conlan AJK, Easterling LA, Herrera C, Dandapat P, Veerasami M, Ameni G, Jindal N, Raj GD, Wood J, Juleff N, Bakker D, Vordermeier M, Kapur V. A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis: Is Perfect the Enemy of Good? Front Vet Sci. 2021 Feb 18;8:637580. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637580. Erratum in: Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jul 16;8:716565. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.716565 PMID: 33681334; PMCID: PMC7930010.

  • Fromsa A, Conlan AJK, Srinivasan S, Gumi B, Bedada W, Zeleke M, Worku D, Lakew M, Tadesse B, Bayissa B, Sirak A, Abdela MG, Mekonnen GA, Chibssa T, Veerasami M, Jones GJ, Vordermeier HM, Juleff N, Wood JLN, Ameni G, Kapur V. Comparative performance of tuberculin and defined-antigen cocktails for detecting bovine tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated cattle in natural settings. Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 7;15(1):4564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85389-1 PMID: 39915566; PMCID: PMC11802902.

This is similar to the current sensitivity study ongoing in the UK to approve BCG I think?

  • Lakew M, Conlan AJK, Tadesse B, Srinivasan S, Yalew B, Benti T, Olani A, Kinfe G, Ashagrie T, Abebe A, Fromsa A, Abdela MG, Bayissa B, Gebre S, Mihret A, Mekonnen GA, Ameni G, Ashenafi H, Wood JLN, Gumi B, Kapur V. Comparative performance and age dependence of tuberculin and defined antigen bovine tuberculosis skin tests assessed with Bayesian latent class analysis. Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 5;15(1):19728. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05223-6 PMID: 40473835; PMCID: PMC12141502.

  • Holder T, Robinson N, Jones GJ. The Impact of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Mycobacterium bovis Infection on Diagnostic Antibody Tests for Mycobacterial Infections. Vaccines (Basel). 2025 May 28;13(6):578. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060578 PMID: 40573909; PMCID: PMC12197674.

  • Holder T, Coad M, Allan G, Hogarth PJ, Vordermeier HM, Jones GJ. Vaccination of calves with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Danish strain 1331 results in a duration of immunity of at least 52 weeks. Vaccine. 2023 Nov 22;41(48):7290-7296. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.060. Epub 2023 Nov 3. PMID: 37925317. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37925317/

  • Retamal P, Ábalos P, Alegría-Morán R, Valdivieso N, Vordermeier M, Jones G, Saadi K, Perez Watt C, Salinas C, Ávila C, Padilla V, Benavides B, Orellana R. Vaccination of Holstein heifers with Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain induces protection against bovine tuberculosis and higher milk production yields in a natural transmission setting. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 May;69(3):1419-1425. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14108 Epub 2021 May 22. PMID: 33872473.

  • Srinivasan S, Jones G, Veerasami M, Steinbach S, Holder T, Zewude A, Fromsa A, Ameni G, Easterling L, Bakker D, Juleff N, Gifford G, Hewinson RG, Vordermeier HM, Kapur V. A defined antigen skin test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Sci Adv. 2019 Jul 17;5(7):eaax4899. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4899 PMID: 31328169; PMCID: PMC6636981.

  • Srinivasan S, Subramanian S, Shankar Balakrishnan S, Ramaiyan Selvaraju K, Manomohan V, Selladurai S, Jothivelu M, Kandasamy S, Gopal DR, Kathaperumal K, Conlan AJK, Veerasami M, Bakker D, Vordermeier M, Kapur V. A Defined Antigen Skin Test That Enables Implementation of BCG Vaccination for Control of Bovine Tuberculosis: Proof of Concept. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Jul 24;7:391. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00391 PMID: 32793643; PMCID: PMC7393633.

12.1.3 2025 UK update on vaccine field trial

12.1.4 bTB epi-genetics

12.1.5 Modelling